Medical statistics at a glance
Petrie, Aviva
Medical statistics at a glance - 3rd ed. - Chichester Wiley 2013 - 183 p. - At a glance .
Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Preface; Learning objectives; Handling data; 1: Types of data; Data and statistics; Categorical (qualitative) data; Numerical (quantitative) data; Distinguishing between data types; Derived data; Censored data; 2: Data entry; Formats for data entry; Planning data entry; Categorical data; Numerical data; Multiple forms per patient; Problems with dates and times; Coding missing values; 3: Error checking and outliers; Typing errors; Error checking; Handling missing data; Outliers; 4: Displaying data diagrammatically; One variable; Two variables; Identifying outliers using graphical methodsThe use of connecting lines in diagrams; 5: Describing data: the 'average'; Summarizing data; The arithmetic mean; The median; The mode; The geometric mean; The weighted mean; 6: Describing data: the 'spread'; Summarizing data; The range; Ranges derived from percentiles; The standard deviation; Variation within and between-subjects; 7: Theoretical distributions: the Normal distribution; Understanding probability; The rules of probability; Probability distributions: the theory; The Normal (Gaussian) distribution; The Standard Normal distribution; 8: Theoretical distributions: other distributionsSome words of comfort; More continuous probability distributions; Discrete probability distributions; 9: Transformations; Why transform?; How do we transform?; Typical transformations; Sampling and estimation; 10: Sampling and sampling distributions; Why do we sample?; Obtaining a representative sample; Point estimates; Sampling variation; Sampling distribution of the mean; Interpreting standard errors; SD or SEM?; Sampling distribution of the proportion; 11: Confidence intervals; Confidence interval for the mean; Confidence interval for the proportionInterpretation of confidence intervals; Degrees of freedom; Bootstrapping and jackknifing; Study design; 12: Study design I; Experimental or observational studies; Defining the unit of observation; Multicentre studies; Assessing causality; Cross-sectional or longitudinal studies; Controls; Bias; 13: Study design II; Variation; Replication; Sample size; Particular study designs; Choosing an appropriate study endpoint; 14: Clinical trials; Treatment comparisons; Primary and secondary endpoints; Subgroup analyses; Treatment allocation; Sequential trials; Blinding or maskingPatient issues; The protocol; 15: Cohort studies; Selection of cohorts; Follow-up of individuals; Information on outcomes and exposures; Analysis of cohort studies; Advantages of cohort studies; Disadvantages of cohort studies; Study management; Clinical cohorts; 16: Case-control studies; Selection of cases; Selection of controls; Identification of risk factors; Matching; Analysis of unmatched or group-matched case-control studies; Analysis of individually matched case-control studies; Advantages of case-control studies; Disadvantages of case-control studies; Hypothesis testing
Medical Statistics at a Glance is a concise and accessible introduction and revision aid for this complex subject. The self-contained chapters explain the underlying concepts of medical statistics and provide a guide to the most commonly used statistical procedures. This new edition of Medical Statistics at a Glance: Presents key facts accompanied by clear and informative tables and diagrams. Focuses on illustrative examples which show statistics in action, with an emphasis on the interpretation of computer data analysis rather than complex hand calculations. Includes extensive cross-referencing, a comprehensive glossary of terms and flow-charts to make it easier to choose appropriate tests. Now provides the learning objectives for each chapter Includes a new chapter on Developing Prognostic Scores. Includes new or expanded material on study management, multi-centre studies, sequential trials, bias and different methods to remove confounding in observational studies, multiple comparisons, ROC curves and checking assumptions in a logistic regression analysis. The companion website at www.medstatsaag.com contains supplementary material including an extensive reference list and multiple choice questions (MCQs) with interactive answers for self-assessment.
1118782453 9781118782453
RESEARCH DESIGN
STATISTICS AS TOPIC
Medical statistics at a glance - 3rd ed. - Chichester Wiley 2013 - 183 p. - At a glance .
Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Preface; Learning objectives; Handling data; 1: Types of data; Data and statistics; Categorical (qualitative) data; Numerical (quantitative) data; Distinguishing between data types; Derived data; Censored data; 2: Data entry; Formats for data entry; Planning data entry; Categorical data; Numerical data; Multiple forms per patient; Problems with dates and times; Coding missing values; 3: Error checking and outliers; Typing errors; Error checking; Handling missing data; Outliers; 4: Displaying data diagrammatically; One variable; Two variables; Identifying outliers using graphical methodsThe use of connecting lines in diagrams; 5: Describing data: the 'average'; Summarizing data; The arithmetic mean; The median; The mode; The geometric mean; The weighted mean; 6: Describing data: the 'spread'; Summarizing data; The range; Ranges derived from percentiles; The standard deviation; Variation within and between-subjects; 7: Theoretical distributions: the Normal distribution; Understanding probability; The rules of probability; Probability distributions: the theory; The Normal (Gaussian) distribution; The Standard Normal distribution; 8: Theoretical distributions: other distributionsSome words of comfort; More continuous probability distributions; Discrete probability distributions; 9: Transformations; Why transform?; How do we transform?; Typical transformations; Sampling and estimation; 10: Sampling and sampling distributions; Why do we sample?; Obtaining a representative sample; Point estimates; Sampling variation; Sampling distribution of the mean; Interpreting standard errors; SD or SEM?; Sampling distribution of the proportion; 11: Confidence intervals; Confidence interval for the mean; Confidence interval for the proportionInterpretation of confidence intervals; Degrees of freedom; Bootstrapping and jackknifing; Study design; 12: Study design I; Experimental or observational studies; Defining the unit of observation; Multicentre studies; Assessing causality; Cross-sectional or longitudinal studies; Controls; Bias; 13: Study design II; Variation; Replication; Sample size; Particular study designs; Choosing an appropriate study endpoint; 14: Clinical trials; Treatment comparisons; Primary and secondary endpoints; Subgroup analyses; Treatment allocation; Sequential trials; Blinding or maskingPatient issues; The protocol; 15: Cohort studies; Selection of cohorts; Follow-up of individuals; Information on outcomes and exposures; Analysis of cohort studies; Advantages of cohort studies; Disadvantages of cohort studies; Study management; Clinical cohorts; 16: Case-control studies; Selection of cases; Selection of controls; Identification of risk factors; Matching; Analysis of unmatched or group-matched case-control studies; Analysis of individually matched case-control studies; Advantages of case-control studies; Disadvantages of case-control studies; Hypothesis testing
Medical Statistics at a Glance is a concise and accessible introduction and revision aid for this complex subject. The self-contained chapters explain the underlying concepts of medical statistics and provide a guide to the most commonly used statistical procedures. This new edition of Medical Statistics at a Glance: Presents key facts accompanied by clear and informative tables and diagrams. Focuses on illustrative examples which show statistics in action, with an emphasis on the interpretation of computer data analysis rather than complex hand calculations. Includes extensive cross-referencing, a comprehensive glossary of terms and flow-charts to make it easier to choose appropriate tests. Now provides the learning objectives for each chapter Includes a new chapter on Developing Prognostic Scores. Includes new or expanded material on study management, multi-centre studies, sequential trials, bias and different methods to remove confounding in observational studies, multiple comparisons, ROC curves and checking assumptions in a logistic regression analysis. The companion website at www.medstatsaag.com contains supplementary material including an extensive reference list and multiple choice questions (MCQs) with interactive answers for self-assessment.
1118782453 9781118782453
RESEARCH DESIGN
STATISTICS AS TOPIC